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  <h2>python/面向对象进阶/10-面向对象进阶小结</h2>



  <p class="post-date">2020-12-21</p>
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    <section class="markdown-content"><h1 id="一、面向对象进阶小结"><a href="#一、面向对象进阶小结" class="headerlink" title="一、面向对象进阶小结"></a>一、面向对象进阶小结</h1><h2 id="1-1-类的继承"><a href="#1-1-类的继承" class="headerlink" title="1.1 类的继承"></a>1.1 类的继承</h2><p>继承父类,则会有父类的所有属性和方法</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class ParentClass1():</span><br><span class="line">	pass</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">class ParentClass2():</span><br><span class="line">	pass</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">class SubClass(ParentClass1,ParentClass2):</span><br><span class="line">	pass</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="1-2-类的派生"><a href="#1-2-类的派生" class="headerlink" title="1.2 类的派生"></a>1.2 类的派生</h2><p>继承父类的同时自己有init,然后也需要父类的init</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class ParentClass1():</span><br><span class="line">	def __init__(self,name):</span><br><span class="line">		pass</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">class SubClass(ParentClass):</span><br><span class="line">	def __init__(self,age):</span><br><span class="line">		# 1. ParentClass1.__init__(self,name)</span><br><span class="line">		# 2. super(SubClass,self).__init__(name)</span><br><span class="line">		self.age &#x3D; age</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="1-3-类的组合"><a href="#1-3-类的组合" class="headerlink" title="1.3 类的组合"></a>1.3 类的组合</h2><p>类对象可以引用/当做参数传入/当做返回值/当做容器元素,类似于函数对象</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class ParentClass1():</span><br><span class="line">	count &#x3D; 0</span><br><span class="line">	def __init__(self,name):</span><br><span class="line">		pass</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">class SubClass(ParentClass):</span><br><span class="line">	def __init__(self,age):</span><br><span class="line">		self.age &#x3D; age	</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">pc &#x3D; ParentClass1()</span><br><span class="line">sc &#x3D; SubClass()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sc.parent_class &#x3D; pc  # 组合</span><br><span class="line">sc.parent_class.count  # 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="1-4-菱形继承问题"><a href="#1-4-菱形继承问题" class="headerlink" title="1.4 菱形继承问题"></a>1.4 菱形继承问题</h2><p>新式类:继承object的类,python3中全是新式类</p>
<p>经典类:没有继承object的类,只有python2中有</p>
<p>在菱形继承的时候,新式类是广度优先(老祖宗最后找);经典类深度优先(一路找到底,再找旁边的)</p>
<h2 id="1-5-多态与多态性"><a href="#1-5-多态与多态性" class="headerlink" title="1.5 多态与多态性"></a>1.5 多态与多态性</h2><p>一种事物的多种形态,动物–&gt;人/猪/狗</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 多态</span><br><span class="line">import abc</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">class Animal(metaclass&#x3D;abc.ABCmeta):</span><br><span class="line">	@abc.abstractmethod</span><br><span class="line">	def eat():</span><br><span class="line">		print(&#39;eat&#39;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">class People(Animal):</span><br><span class="line">	def eat():</span><br><span class="line">		pass</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">class Pig(Animal):</span><br><span class="line">	def eat():</span><br><span class="line">		pass</span><br><span class="line">    def run():</span><br><span class="line">        pass</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">class Dog(Animal):  # 报错</span><br><span class="line">	def run():</span><br><span class="line">		pass</span><br><span class="line">		</span><br><span class="line"># 多态性</span><br><span class="line">peo &#x3D; People()</span><br><span class="line">peo.eat()</span><br><span class="line">peo1 &#x3D; People()</span><br><span class="line">peo1.eat()</span><br><span class="line">pig &#x3D; Pig()</span><br><span class="line">pig.eat()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">def func(obj):</span><br><span class="line">	obj.eat()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">class Cat(Animal):</span><br><span class="line">	def eat():</span><br><span class="line">		pass</span><br><span class="line">cat &#x3D; Cat()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func(cat)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>鸭子类型:只要长得像鸭子,叫的像鸭子,游泳像鸭子,就是鸭子.</p>
<h2 id="1-6-类的封装"><a href="#1-6-类的封装" class="headerlink" title="1.6 类的封装"></a>1.6 类的封装</h2><p>隐藏属性,只有类内部可以访问,类外部不可以访问</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class Foo():</span><br><span class="line">	__count &#x3D; 0 </span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	def get_count(self):</span><br><span class="line">		return self.__count</span><br><span class="line">		</span><br><span class="line">f &#x3D; Foo()</span><br><span class="line">f.__count  # 报错</span><br><span class="line">f._Foo__count # 不能这样做</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="1-7-类的property特性"><a href="#1-7-类的property特性" class="headerlink" title="1.7 类的property特性"></a>1.7 类的property特性</h2><p>把方法变成属性引用</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class People():</span><br><span class="line">	def __init__(self,height,weight):</span><br><span class="line">		self.height &#x3D; height</span><br><span class="line">		self.weight &#x3D; weight</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	@property</span><br><span class="line">	def bmi(self):</span><br><span class="line">		return weight&#x2F;(height**2)</span><br><span class="line">		</span><br><span class="line">	@bmi.setter</span><br><span class="line">	def bmi(self,value)</span><br><span class="line">		print(&#39;setter&#39;)</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">    @bmi.deleter</span><br><span class="line">    def bmi(self):</span><br><span class="line">        print(&#39;delter&#39;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">peo &#x3D; People</span><br><span class="line">peo.bmi</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="1-8-类与对象的绑定方法和非绑定方法"><a href="#1-8-类与对象的绑定方法和非绑定方法" class="headerlink" title="1.8 类与对象的绑定方法和非绑定方法"></a>1.8 类与对象的绑定方法和非绑定方法</h2><p>没有任何装饰器装饰的方法就是对象的绑定方法, 类能调用, 但是必须得传参给self</p>
<p>被 @classmethod 装饰器装饰的方法是类的绑定方法,参数写成cls, cls是类本身, 对象也能调用, 参数cls还是类本身</p>
<p>被 @staticmethod 装饰器装饰的方法就是非绑定方法, 就是一个普通的函数</p>
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      <ol class="toc-nav"><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-1"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#一、面向对象进阶小结"><span class="toc-nav-text">一、面向对象进阶小结</span></a><ol class="toc-nav-child"><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-2"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#1-1-类的继承"><span class="toc-nav-text">1.1 类的继承</span></a></li><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-2"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#1-2-类的派生"><span class="toc-nav-text">1.2 类的派生</span></a></li><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-2"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#1-3-类的组合"><span class="toc-nav-text">1.3 类的组合</span></a></li><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-2"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#1-4-菱形继承问题"><span class="toc-nav-text">1.4 菱形继承问题</span></a></li><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-2"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#1-5-多态与多态性"><span class="toc-nav-text">1.5 多态与多态性</span></a></li><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-2"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#1-6-类的封装"><span class="toc-nav-text">1.6 类的封装</span></a></li><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-2"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#1-7-类的property特性"><span class="toc-nav-text">1.7 类的property特性</span></a></li><li class="toc-nav-item toc-nav-level-2"><a class="toc-nav-link" href="#1-8-类与对象的绑定方法和非绑定方法"><span class="toc-nav-text">1.8 类与对象的绑定方法和非绑定方法</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
    
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